چکیده:
The present study investigated the relationships among willingness to communicate, communication apprehension, and self-perceived communication competence in Persian (L1) versus English (L2). A total number of 235 adult native Persian EFL learners were selected through convenience sampling to participate in the study. The population consisted of 118 intermediate learners and 113 upper-intermediate learners. The transferability and predictability of these communication variables across L1 and L2 was checked through correlational analyses and linear regression. The findings showed that among these variables communication apprehension was more of a trait-like predisposition which was transferred across first language and foreign language. WTC in Persian had little predictive effect on WTC in English; also, self-perceived communication competence in Persian predicted only 15% of SPCC in English. Implications of findings could provide teachers insight into the extent to which these communication variables are trait-like or situational.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Given their importance in the literature of WTC, the present study, thus, aims at investigating the relationships among WTC and self-perceived communication competence (SPCC) and communication apprehension (CA) in Persian (L1) and English (L2) through a correlational analysis.
With the identification of these six antecedents, studies which focused on expanding the WTC construct by examining different variables and possible interrelationship in L1 communication environments as a personality-based predisposition, were conducted during 70s, 80s, and the early 90s (Barraclough, Christophel, & McCroskey, 1988; MacIntyre, 1994; McCroskey & Richmond, 1987, 1990a, 1990b; Sallinen-Kuparinen, McCroskey, & Richmond, 1991).
When WTC was extended to L2 communication situations, it was proposed that it is not necessary to limit WTC to a trait-like variable, since the use of an L2 imposes some significant situational differences on the speakers; differences which are based on wide variations in competence and inter-group relations (MacIntyre, Clément, Dörnyei, & Noels, 1998).
The instruments, in the sequence they were arranged and handed out to the participants, included: (1) Participants’ Background Information, (2) Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in Persian and English, (3) Self-Perceived Communication Competence (SPCC) in Persian and English, and (4) Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24) in Persian and English.
Similar consistent relationship for communication apprehension in first and second languages was also found in studies conducted on Japanese students (McCroskey, Gudykunst, & Nishida, 1985), Micronesian adult students (Burroughs, Marie, & McCroskey, 2003), international students who were attending a university in the United States (Jung & McCroskey, 2004), and Chinese college students (Yu, 2008)."