چکیده:
Virgil's Aeneid is one of the epic masterpieces of the world and undoubtedly the most precious example of Latin epic. Although this book can be considered a constructed epic, in this case, truth mingles with metaphor, and the poet's myth-making is influenced by exaggerated historical events. In the present article, the author aims to demonstrate the prominent features of this book in the field of semantics, expression, and rhetoric by using the epic texts of Latin poets prior to the Aeneid—who were often influenced by Greek rhetoric. Given the few verses that have survived from the Latin epic poets before Virgil, it is not possible to address the style of the preceding poets and therefore the rhetorical influences of their collected works on Virgil. The only possible way is to rely on the few remaining verses and examine their rhetoric. Therefore, in this discourse, after providing a brief biography of these poets, we will mention the most effective stylistic features of their speech in relation to the surviving verses in the Aeneid. It is worth noting that classical Latin grammar, of which Virgil is the greatest representative in verse and Cicero in prose, plays a significant role in shaping the style of expression and rhetoric of the Aeneid, clearly distinguishing itself from colloquial and archaic Latin.
خلاصه ماشینی:
" Among the ancient poets, the contribution of three of the great Latin epic poets who precede Virgil is more prominent in the emergence of the rhetorical features of the Aeneid.
The rhetorical influence of Livius on Virgil based on the surviving verses The first Latin epic work, which is actually a free translation of Homer's Odyssey, is named Odyssea 7.
Ennius, alongside Naevius and Andronicus, forms the three sides of the triangle of ancient Latin epic poets.
Virgil's influence from Ennius is primarily in the semantic domain; however, his rhetorical contribution can be summarized as follows: like Naevius, Ennius employed archaism and eccentricity of usage in his book; for example, the use of the inflectional endings ai and as in the genitive case (as we discussed regarding terras), which even appeared archaic in the poet's time, or the use of endo and indu instead of in and or sapsa instead of ipsa; example: Latos per populos terras que poemata nostra (Della corte, 2001: 72).
In terms of rhetoric, the authentic characteristic and repeated craft of Ennius's speech in Annales is alliteration and assonance; for example, one can refer to the following verse, which is frequently seen in books on the history of Latin literature: o Tite tute Tati tibi tanta tyranne tulisti.
Andronicus, Naevius, and Ennius, who are the greatest representatives of Latin epic poetry until the time of Virgil, have each played a role in shaping the style of expression of the Aeneid.
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