چکیده:
In the Russian language, various structures are used to express prohibition, warning, prevention, etc., each of which has subtle and different semantic features. The use of verb aspect (perfective and imperfective) in each of these structures is also subject to specific grammatical rules, the non-observance of which will lead to grammatical or semantic errors. Since the concept of verb aspect, as it exists in the Russian language, is not seen in the Persian language, its application is always accompanied by difficulty for Iranian language learners. The purpose of writing this article is to clarify the semantic differences of these structures by classifying the structures of expressing prohibition and warning and examining the verb aspect in each of them, and based on this, to provide the best method for syntactic equivalence and translation of each structure, especially since in both Russian and Persian, some of these structures do not count as prohibitions in terms of form and appearance, and convey the meaning of prohibition and warning to the listener through other syntactic structures.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Based on these hypotheses, in this article, we attempt to answer this main question: what role does verb aspect play in the structures expressing concepts of prohibition and warning in the Russian language, and how does it manifest when translating into Persian?
In this article, we first attempt to provide a functional classification of various structures containing concepts of prohibition and warning based on the research of Russian linguists, such as Karavanov, Polkina, Skvartsva, and others, and then, using the method of semantic-syntactic mapping between Persian and Russian languages, we will provide the best way to express these structures in Persian for each case, taking into account the role of verb aspect.
In this way, to express the semantic difference that is shown through the grammatical category of the verb aspect in structures containing нельзя and Russian negative infinitive structures (the meaning of impossibility of performing the action or prohibition of performing the action), we need lexical tools such as auxiliary verbs or adverbs in the Persian language.
Structures containing impersonal sentences Another method for expressing the undesirability of performing an action in the Russian language is the use of phrases without person: (не надо, не нужно, не стоит, не следует, не подобает, не рекомендуется, запрещается, запрещено, противопоказано, не к лицу, не полагается, не обязательно, не приказано, не время) as well as some verbs that are conjugated in personal forms and express a similar concept with the negative particle не (не/не советую/не советуем, не рекомендую/не рекомендуем).
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