چکیده:
The ghazals of Hafez and Petrarch's Canzoniere (1304-1374 AD) share at least three commonalities: A. From the perspective of multiplicity: both works represent the pinnacle of medieval lyrical love poetry, one in Persian literature and the other in European literature. B. From the chronological perspective: both collections were composed in the 8th century AH (14th century AD). C. From the perspective of quantity: the Khanlari edition of Hafez's ghazals contains 4092 verses (approximately 8184 hemistichs), and Petrarch's Canzoniere has slightly more than 7784 hemistichs. Therefore, both works are measurable and comparable in terms of time, number of verses, the peak of medieval lyrical poetry, and the length of the two poets' lifespans. The description of the beloved's eyes is one of the main themes in the poetry of both poets: Petrarch refers to the eyes 263 times in the Canzoniere, and Hafez 216 times in his ghazals. Additionally, Hafez speaks about the 'Narcissus'—a metaphor for the beloved's eyes—in 44 verses. The research question is: What similarities and differences exist between the image of the beloved's eyes in the ghazals of Hafez and Petrarch's Canzoniere? This article uses a comparative method to demonstrate the common and different characteristics of the imagery of the beloved's eyes in the poetry of Hafez and Petrarch.
خلاصه ماشینی:
A Comparative Study of the Beloved's Eye in the Ghazals of Hafez and Petrarch's Canzoniere Ramon Guaja 1, Nasser Nikoubakht 2*, Saeed Bozorg Bigdeli 3, Hossein Hajari 4 1.
Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, SAMT Organization, Tehran, Iran Received: 2011/10/27 Accepted: 2012/04/13 Abstract The ghazals of Hafez and Petrarch's Canzoniere (1304-1374 AD) share common ground in at least three aspects: A.
The description of the beloved's eye is one of the primary motifs in the poetry of both poets: Petrarch refers to the eye 263 times in the Canzoniere, and Hafez 216 times in his ghazals.
This article uses the comparative method to demonstrate the shared and distinct characteristics of the imagery of the beloved's eye in the poetry of Hafez and Petrarch.
Several Persian mystical works such as Sawanih of Ahmad Ghazali,278 Golshan-e Raz of Mahmud Shabistari,279 or the interpretation of this work by Shams al-Din Muhammad Lahiji,280 and several Arabic works such as the Terminology of Ibn Arabi281 or the Terminology of Abd al-Razzaq Kashani,282 have interpreted the symbolic and mystical meanings of the beloved's eye.
5. Conclusion The eyes of the beloved are one of the central themes in the poetry of both poets: Petrarch refers to the eye 263 times in the Canzoniere and Hafez 320 times in the ghazals.
In Petrarch's poetry, Laura's eyes captivate her; but in Hafez's ghazals, it is not the eyes, but rather the beloved's tresses that take the lover's heart captive.
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