چکیده:
This article examines metaphorical constructions in the Hawrami dialect. The Hawrami dialect utilizes a discontinuous metaphorical state pattern in simple past constructions. In addition to using the word-binding doubling mechanism to indicate the metaphorical state pattern, this dialect also employs another mechanism that is unique to this dialect and is not seen in other Kurdish dialects. In constructions arising from the second mechanism of expressing the metaphorical pattern, the subject and direct object constituents undergo emphasis and subjectification processes, respectively; thus, these constructions have a more meaningful reading compared to those that utilize the word-binding doubling mechanism. The order of constituents used in marked metaphorical constructions is always fixed; the direct object constituent appears in the initial position of these constructions, followed by the subject constituent which always hosts the non-subjective state morpheme, and finally, the simple past verb occupies the final position of the sentence. The present research has two main objectives: first, to examine and describe unmarked and marked metaphorical constructions in the Hawrami dialect and express the fundamental characteristics of each; and second, to attempt to provide a syntactic explanation of the stages of the syntactic derivation process of marked metaphorical constructions based on the theoretical concepts of the Minimalism Program. The syntactic explanation provided in this article utilizes new concepts introduced within the framework of the Minimalism Program, such as the discontinuous complementizer phrase hypothesis and the projections of emphasis and subject.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In constructions arising from the second mechanism of expressing the ergative pattern, the subject and direct object constituents undergo focusing 3 and topicalization 4 processes, respectively; thus, these constructions have a more salient semantic reading compared to those that utilize the clitic doubling mechanism.
The order of constituents used in marked ergative constructions is always fixed; the direct object constituent appears at the beginning of these structures, followed by the subject constituent which always hosts the oblique case marker 5, and finally, the simple past verb occupies the final position of the sentence.
The present research has two main objectives: first, to investigate and describe unmarked and marked ergative constructions in the Hawrami dialect and explain the fundamental characteristics of each; and second, to attempt to provide a syntactic explanation for the stages of the syntactic derivation process of marked ergative constructions based on the theoretical concepts of the Minimalist Program.
An important point that Odden and Holmberg mention when analyzing marked transitive structures is that the direct object cannot be the recipient of the accusative case morpheme and can only act as the host of the non-agentive clitic corresponding to the subject.
Unmarked oblique structures In structures that are produced based on the second mechanism describing the oblique case pattern in the Hawrami dialect, the subject and direct object constituents undergo the processes of emphasis and topicalization, respectively, and acquire emphatic and topical semantic readings; therefore, these structures are considered unmarked compared to structures constructed using the clitic doubling mechanism.
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