چکیده:
Connor et al. (2008) mention “specifying textual requirements of genres” (p.12)
as one of the reasons which have motivated researchers in the analysis of writing.
Members of each genre should be able to produce and retrieve these textual
requirements appropriately to be considered communicatively proficient. One of the
textual requirements of genres is regularities of specific forms and content. Lexical
bundles are one of the features which play significant role in building genres’
regularities. Many researchers have tried to define academic writing with resort to
the lexical bundles employed in it. Advanced and high intermediate L2 students’
pieces of writing and also post-graduate writing have been analyzed in different
aspects. However, the important element in the analysis of post-graduate writing has
always been the differences between genres across disciplines. In other words, in
investigating lexical bundles in different genres, researchers have not focused on the
issue of “nativity of the writer. To be exact, they consider native and non-native
writing to share the same features. By considering this gap in lexical bundles
studies, the present paper is an attempt to explore the nature of lexical bundles in
native and non-native post-graduate students’ writing. In order to do so, a corpus of
about one-million words from Iranian students’ applied linguistics theses is
compared with a corpus of the same size from native English students’ applied
linguistics theses. The results show significant differences in the frequency of lexical
bundles used by native and Iranian students and also in structural and functional
patterns used.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Table 6: Functional Categorization of Four-word Lexical Bundles in Academic Writing (Hyland, 2008a) Major Functions Sub-categories Examples Research-oriented Location at the beginning of, at the same time, indicating time/place in the present study Help writers to structure their Procedure the use of the, the role of the, the activities and purpose of the, the operation of experiences of the the real world Quantification the magnitude of the, a wide range of, one of the most Description the structure of the, the size of the, the surface of the Topic in the Hong Kong, the currency related to the field of research board system Text-oriented Transition signals on the other hand, in addition to the, establishing additive or contrastive in contrast to the Concerned with the links between elements organization of the text and its Resultative signals as a result of, it was found that, meaning as a mark inferential or causative relations these results suggest that message or between elements Structuring signals in the present study, in the next argument text-reflexive markers which organize section, as shown in stretches of discourse or figure direct reader elsewhere in text Framing signals in the case of, situate arguments by specifying with respect to the, on the basis of, in limiting conditions the presence of Participant-oriented Stance features are likely to be, may be convey the writer’s attitudes and due to, it is possible that These are focused evaluations on the writer or reader of the Engagement features it should be noted that, as can be text address readers directly seen Functional comparison of four-word lexical bundles in the two corpora Table 7 shows the functional grouping of bundles in this study."