چکیده:
Literary translations have progressed in tandem with considering the nature of interactions, and processes such as 'clarification' and 'adaptation' have gained a special place due to the attention paid to the audience and eloquence in translation. Despite this, the position of adaptation and its impact on literary translations remains ambiguous. The question may arise whether the textual and paratextual features present in the process of adaptation are also observed in the translation of literary works, and if the answer is yes, which of the adaptation methods is more frequent in the translation of literary works. These are the questions examined in this writing. This research aims to examine the methods of adaptation in the Persian translation of the novel Pride and Prejudice, based on Bastian's (2009) classification. The findings of this research show that the translator has used textual and paratextual features of adaptation to better convey the author's message and to maintain the beauty and impact of the words; while the scale tips more heavily towards paratextual characteristics. Also, while the translator has maintained fidelity in the translation of the text, they have used the methods of 'contextual equivalence' and 'expansion' in that order most frequently. In other words, the translator has preserved the meaning in the rendering of the text; but for the creation of verbal beauty, adaptation is necessary.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Attention to establishing effective communication caused the translation process during the flourishing period of the adaptation method to be equivalent to rewriting the text for a new audience (Darbelnet & Vinay, 1958).
To study this process, the present research intends to review the methods of applying adaptation in literary texts by examining the sentence-by-sentence translation of the novel Pride and Prejudice based on Bastin's (2009) classification.
Bastin has defined each of the methods present in Figure 1 as follows: - Transcription from the original:17 word-for-word translation; - Omission 18: deleting a word or phrase from the source text; - Expansion 19: clarifying abstract and ambiguous concepts, which usually leads to a longer translation compared to the source text; - De-exoticization 20: replacing slang, dialect, and unconventional words in the original text with their equivalents in the target language; - Updating 21: replacing obsolete and old words with their new equivalents; - Situational equivalence:22 using familiar contexts in the target language instead of the original context in the source text; - Creation 23: completely replacing the source text with a text that only includes the main subject of the source text.
In general, the different adaptation methods can be shown based on its two main types in the figure below: / word-for-word translation / universal Figure 1: Textual and extra-textual characteristics in the adaptation process 17 transcription of the original:( 18Omission:( 19 Expansion( 20 Exoticism:( 21 Updating( 22 Situational equivalence:( 23 Creation:( According to Kamali, "the semantic content of any message can be presented in various expressive forms.
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