چکیده:
The present study intended to propose a causal model offactors that would predict Oral Communication Apprehension (OCA) of Iranian learners of English as a foreign language. To conduct the study, 135 male and female University students majoring in English were selected. Five variables including: learners’self-esteem and introversion/extroversion(as independent variables), their gender and proficiency level (as moderator variables)and their oral communication apprehension (as the major dependent variable) were selected. To collect the data necessary for the study a language proficiency test and three questionnaires were used. Statistical analyses revealed that all the independent and moderate variables predicted the participants’ OCA. Furthermore, extroversion was found to be the strongest predictor of OCA. Results of the t-test and one-way ANOVA revealed that females and students of the lowest level of proficiency experience a significantly higher level of OCA. The findings are finally discussed and pedagogical implications of the study are provided.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"A. Student of Shiraz University Abstract The present study intended to propose a causal model offactors that would predict Oral Communication Apprehension (OCA) of Iranian learners of English as a foreign language.
From among them, oral communication apprehension (hitherto OCA),self-esteem (hithertoSE), and introversion/ extroversion (extraversion) are but three important affective variables that concern us in this study.
According to Demo (1985, as cited in Michie, Glachan & Bray 2001), a number of studies have been carried out to investigate the validity and reliability of the Rosenberg Self- esteem Scale (RSES) (1965).
Na (2007) believes that, actually, students of the lower level of proficiency would undergo some degrees of apprehension as a result of the effect of cognitive, personal or affective factors on the process of their learning or for the reason that they get to know the difficulties of the job and some of their inabilities to cope with them.
Besides, Foss and Reitzel (1988) believe that since those students who have low self- esteem, perceive themselves as less worthy than others and think their communication is less effective than their colleagues are apprehensive in their communications whether speaking their native language or learning a second or foreign language.
5. 1 Pedagogical implications The principal implication of this study for concerned second language teachers is that they should try their best to reduce communication apprehension in their students, specifically female students if they are perceived to have higher OCA compared to males, using proper techniques.
(2006), On the relationship between foreign language anxiety and global self-esteem among male and female students at different educational levels."