چکیده:
This article intends to identify the use and typify the functions of tag questions (TQs) in Persian everyday conversations and dialogic interaction. The analyses were made based on two data sources: A documentary film titled Commander in which the participants are engaged in free interactions, and an audio-recorded instrument named CALLFRIEND which consists of Iranian native speakers' communication on the phone. The datasets were transcribed using CHAT conventions by the researcher. Also, two raters were involved in the coding process and several rounds of coding and discussions were carried out in an effort to fine-tune the functional classification. This study found some overlap between Persian TQs and the ones from other languages, which confirms speakers' presupposition accounting for the largest portion of the corpora. However, there have been found some functions, namely holding the floor, scorning hearer, and ordering or encouraging, which do not conform to any existing classifications of tag questions. The study was implemented within the principles of Conversational Analysis, and the researcher has explored the relationship between the functions and their settings in which conversations were uttered, the expected response, and any other influential sociolinguistic factors.
خلاصه ماشینی:
com Abstract This article intends to identify the use and typify the functions of tag questions (TQs) in Persian everyday conversations and dialogic interaction.
The polarity can be reversed (positive–negative or negative–positive) in the anchor clause and the following question tag, as the examples of (1) and (2) provided in Table 1, or it can be constant positive or constant negative, often used with imperatives, as in (4) (Tottie & Hoffmann, 2006, p.
However, TQs are so versatile that their forms undermine their functions; therefore, it is problematic to identify the range of TQs. A secondary source of difficulty is the insufficient number of comparative cross-linguistic studies to pin down the extent to which TQs are generalizable; those studies in this field are most limited to English or its verities such as northern American English, Irish English or the like (Axelsson, 2011; Kimps & Davidse, 2008; Tottie & Hoffmann, 2006).
811) A second perspective on TQs draws on categorizing their pragmatic functions, usually based on conversational data (Algeo, 1990, 2006; Holmes, 1982; Tottie & Hoffmann, 2006).
This perspective has been employed by researchers to identify the forms and functions of TQs mostly for British and/or American English; however, the number of works implemented for evaluating and extending data from other languages still remains rare (e.
58) / Algeo (1990) Holmes (1995) Roesle (2001) Tottie and Hoffmann (2006) {مراجعه شود به فایل جدول الحاقی} TQs Functions in Persian Question forms are employed when the speaker is unaware of the matter of question.
Similar to the previous TQs (scorn hearers), no equivalent has been reported for this function of tag questions.